Monday, September 29, 2008

Post-antibiotic Era:Shoud We Jump into?

The overuse of antibiotics is well know for its responsibility of antibiotics resistant disease widespread. WHO Director Gro Harlem Brundtland said: "Antibiotics were one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century. Unless we act to protect these medical miracles, we could be heading for a post-antibiotic age in which many medical and surgical advances could be undermined by the risk of incurable infection."
Results from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, conducted between 1989 and 1999, showed that 73% of patients with sore throats received antibiotic prescriptions. However, antibiotics are only helpful in about 10% of cases, in which sore throats are caused by bacterial "strep" infection. Most sore throats are due to viruses, against which antibiotics have no effect. "

Thursday, September 25, 2008

Positive eating, not fats avoiding

Following my posting about fats, I want to add that the most important in diet success is positive eating. Do not focus on your fats consuming! There are the reports of it.

In 2007 the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reported on a study of 97 obese women, all of whom were avoiding high-fat foods. Half the women were instructed to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables. By the end of a year, the women who were focused on adding vegetables lost an average of 17 pounds, 20 percent more than the women who were just paying attention to fat consumption.

See, it is about better eating habbit, not about fats only. There are good fats and bad fats, but don' t ever try to bribe bad fats. No, deal with both, but do not focus your diet on them.

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Soy-rich diet benefits for stroke patients

Reuters released a news about the benefit of soy rich diet. The complete articles are here.

It is relieving because in my country, Indonesia, soy bean is our day to day food. You know tempe, a "synthetic meat" made of fermented soy bean. It is become the symbol of poor people, together with tofu brought by chinese people. In my childhood, I eat tempe and tofu about 7 days a week for almost 365 days without boring. The problem is, when our economy grows, we are like other people are very consuming junk food and meat.

The report says that isoflavone, a chemical found in soybeans, chickpeas, legumes and clovers, can improve artery function in stroke patients, a study in Hong Kong has found.
Published online in the European Heart Journal, it is the first investigation into the effects of isoflavone supplement on the brachial artery, which is the main artery in the arm.

Researchers found that after 12 weeks of isoflavone supplement, at a dose of 80 milligrams a day, there was improved blood flow in that artery, which is especially important in patients who have suffered ischaemic stroke -- which is caused by blood clots or other obstructions.

However, the researchers said it was too early to make clinical recommendations about the use of isoflavone supplements for stroke patients.

Tuesday, September 23, 2008

Fats are healthy if you know the tips

TORONTO (Reuters Life) - It takes a contrarian to defend the goodness of fat at a time when obesity has turned into a global epidemic.
In her new cookbook, "Fat: An Appreciation of a Misunderstood Ingredient, With Recipes," chef, food stylist and writer Jennifer McLagan challenges medical studies that have linked diet to heart disease.


You can read the complete stories here

What I know, fats is bad in certain amount. In less or acceptable amounts it make our selves cozy while still healthy. But if we do not take animal fats at all, the vegetarian that I know lives healthily over years. Like you say:

McLagan insists animal fats are not only essential to cooking delicious food, but -- in moderation -- are more easily digested than the alternatives and have other health benefits, like boosting the immune system and lowering bad cholesterol.

Lowering bad cholesterol? Interesting.

There's one very very good article about this subject, about good or bad fats.

What we can consider very good points in her book are:

  1. For good cooking, animal fats are not only the elements for good cooking
  2. Fat is a nutrition that is needed by our body.
  3. The recipes and tips of course

Thursday, September 18, 2008

Tips for Cozy Healthy Meal for Your Summer



The article teach us something. We can think better living if we know the tips. Picnics against the opportunity for being healthier? Not really. Picnic vs better picnic


Summer may bring to mind outdoor picnics with hot dogs and chips, but a Purdue University expert says the season also provides the perfect opportunity to plan delicious, healthy meals.

"I think it's almost easier for people to eat healthfully during the warmer months than it is at any other time of year," says Laura Palmer, a Cooperative Extension Service specialist in foods and nutrition and a registered dietitian. "The abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, combined with the chance to grill foods, offers many tasty alternatives to the high-fat foods we might associate with summer."

Palmer offers the following suggestions for making the most of summer with foods that are both appetizing and nutritious:

-- Be meat savvy. Choose lean cuts of beef, including round, sirloin and loin cuts. Tenderize the meat to increase flavor and texture without adding fat. Marinate in salsa, low-calorie salad dressing, wine or citrus juices.

"Grilled chicken breasts, turkey tenders and lamb kabobs also make great alternatives to high-sodium hot dogs and hamburgers," Palmer says.

-- Aim for variety. Kick up the health factor of grilling with vegetables and fruits. Cooking vegetables on the grill adds flavor. Make kabobs with fruit and grill on low heat until the fruit is hot and slightly golden. These healthy snacks also make consuming the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake simple.

-- Don't forget to stay hydrated. Summer heat can cause dehydration. "Water is the best option when temperatures soar, but you can add slices of lemons or strawberries for natural flavor," Palmer says.

-- Make eating healthy a priority this summer by focusing on simple snacks that don't take much prep work. Keep fresh berries in the refrigerator to add to salads, yogurt and ice creams. Wash fresh green beans to dip in yogurt or low-fat cottage cheese. Keep healthy extras, like lettuce and tomatoes, in your produce bin. Try homemade popsicles by freezing 100 percent juice. Cut up raw vegetables to serve with low-fat dips.

"Fruit smoothies are a snap to make. Just toss some fresh fruit, yogurt and milk in your blender," Palmer says. "Your options for healthy summer eating are limited only by your imagination."

The Department of Foods and Nutrition is part of Purdue's College of Consumer and Family Sciences. More than 250 undergraduate and 50 graduate students are enrolled in the program.

Purdue University
Engineering Administration Bldg, 400 Centennial Mall Dr.
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2016
United States
http://www.purdue.edu

Monday, September 15, 2008

Exercise vs Alzheimer


Report from ABC News.
Exercise is good not only for your mcuscle, but have long time effect to your memory. It fights alzheimer!

West Australian research team says it has proved for the first time that 20 minutes of activity each day can improve memory function.

The team from the West Australian Centre for Health and Ageing carried out an 18 month trial using two control groups with an average age in the late 60s.

One group did on average twenty minutes more physical activity a day, mainly vigorous walking, and it was this group that performed better on tests for memory and other cognitive functioning.

The Director for the WA Centre for Health and Ageing, Leon Flicker, says the increase was small but significant.

"The improvement in memory functioning was a little over a point on one of the scales that we use," he said.

"To put it in perspective, this is actually more than the effect of some of the drugs that have been trialed in the past which, overall, have been found to be ineffective."

Professor Flicker says the people who took part had some memory complaints but none were suffering from dementia.

He says more research needs to be done and this will look at what sort of exercise is best and whether it can help those suffering from dementia.

"What we've shown is that a moderate increase in physical activity produces a moderate increase in the brain's functioning, but whether a lot more activity would continue to have even greater effect, we really can't say at this stage," he said.

Two sides of Junk Food

I think it's not a good point of junk food. It just shows you how dangerous it is. It can manipulate you to take it as medicine pill to relieve your stress. It does. But it kill you slowly.

It is from ABC news that says junk food may lower stress according to research , by national medical reporter Sophie Scott

Good for what ails you? Junk food like burgers could make you less stressed, new research suggests (AFP)

New Australian research has found that eating foods high in fat and sugar reduces anxiety levels. But while it might make you feel calmer, that does not mean it is good for you.

Our increasing reliance on junk food is one of the reasons behind Australia's growing waistlines.

But it seems there might be a scientific reason why people turn to high fat and high sugar foods when they are stressed.

Researchers at the University of New South Wales gave young rats who had been taken away from their mothers a diet of either junk food or healthy food.

Professor Margaret Morris from the University of New South Wales says they noticed a difference in the animals' behaviour.

"What we found was that the animals that had the junk diet were much less anxious than those that who ate the junk food, so what we think is that animals are using junk food to relax themselves," she said.

Animals given the low fat diet had double the stress levels of the junk food eaters.

And while it might seem quite a leap from mice to humans, researchers say brain pathways controlling appetite are similar in both species.

"People do use food in this way as a kind of a medication to soothe themselves," Professor Morris said.

Overseas studies have shown that people who like junk food tend to choose sweet foods and chocolate when stressed.

"Individuals who enjoy eating certain types of food will seek out that type of food for comfort eating following an unpleasant or stressful experience, and that's a remarkable finding," Professor Andrew Lawrence from the Howard Florey Institute said.

The findings might also explain why many people fail when they go on diets.

Researchers will now look at whether exercise can be as good as junk food at relieving stress.

Saturday, September 13, 2008

Comparing Running vs Walking

Simply, running is consumes more calories than walking. It makes running is faster in burning fats. But do not immediately choose running as your exercise.
There is one important factor to consider when examining the difference between running and walking, that is the impact of the exercise. Running is generally considered to be a fairly high impact exercise with a great deal of repetitive pounding. This can cause inflammation of the joints including the ankles, knees and hips.
Conversely walking is considered to be a low impact activity and is therefore less harsh on the joints. However, it is the harsher impact of running which makes runners less susceptible to bone loss later in life. Therefore, individuals must carefully consider the effects of impact in deciding whether to pursue running or walking as their primary form of exercise.
Finally, regardless of whether an individual chooses to focus on walking or running for his exercise needs he should purchase equipment which is specific for his chosen sport.

Friday, September 12, 2008

Six Weeks Walking Workout Planning


One most important rule in healthy living is healthy plan. I get from netdoctor.co.uk six week walking workout. It's just a sample. I'll try it myself.

It's about six-week walking workout panning of exercise.

Warm up and stretches
To warm up, walk more slowly for the first three to five minutes than your aimed-for pace.
Ankle rotations are useful if you have twisted your ankle or they are particularly tight.
After your walk you will need to stretch out, especially your calves and back of thighs (hamstrings).
Calf stretch
Stand about half a metre away from a wall.
Press your hands against the wall for support. They should be at shoulder height and shoulder width apart.
Bend your left knee forward as you take a step back with your right leg, keeping it straight.
With the ball of your foot on the floor, press the right heel down until you feel a gentle stretch in the calf.
Hold for 20-30 seconds.
Repeat on the other side.
Back of thigh stretch
Stand straight.
Put your right heel on the ground or you can use a bench.
Lean forwards from your hips, keeping your tummy lightly pulled in, until you feel a stretch in the back of your right thigh.
Hold for 20-30 seconds.
Repeat on the left side.

Week 1
Goal: to get walking regularly, at a pace that increases the heart rate.
Monday: start with a 15-minute walk at a pace that gets you warm and slightly breathless. Maintain this speed for the rest of the week's walks.
Wednesday: 15 minute walk.
Thursday: 15 minute walk.
Saturday or Sunday: 15 minute walk.If the walk is becoming easier towards the end of the week, increase your overall pace.

Week 2

Goal: to increase your walking times and add some cardiovascular step ups to improve your cardiovascular fitness. This week, focus on your posture and keep your strides long.
Step ups
Stand at the bottom of some stairs.
At your own pace, step up to the first step and down again.
Repeat for one minute.
Monday: start with a 15-minute walk at a pace that gets you warm and slightly breathless. Maintain this speed for the rest of the week's walks.
Wednesday: 15 minute walk.
Thursday: 20 minute walk.
Saturday or Sunday: 20 minute walk. One minute of step ups.

Week 3
Goal: to increase your walking times and improve your cardiovascular fitness by adding sprint walks.Monday
Walk at a moderate pace for 5 minutes. Sprint walk for 30 seconds. Repeat x 4.Wednesday
Walk at a moderate pace for 5 minutes. Sprint walk for 30 seconds. Repeat x 4.
1 minute of step ups.Thursday
Walk at a moderate pace for 4 minutes. Sprint walk for 1 minute. Repeat x 4.
90 seconds of step ups.Saturday or Sunday
20 minute walk. Choose a pretty green space or coastal path for this walk.
90 seconds of step ups - try to increase your speed.

Week 4
Goal: to increase your walking times and build muscular strength by carrying weights.Concentrate on your stride, taking bigger, longer steps as you walk and gently swinging your arms.Monday
Walk at a moderate pace for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 4.
2 minutes of step ups - now get your arms moving like you are marching. Wednesday Today, carry some small hand weights (about 1-2kg) or a full water bottle in each hand.
Walk at a moderate pace for 4 minutes. Sprint walk for 1 minute. Repeat x 4.
2 minutes of marching step ups.Thursday
Walk at a moderate pace for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 4.
2 minutes of marching step ups.Saturday or Sunday
Walk at a moderate pace for 4 minutes, carrying your hand weights. Sprint walk for 1 minute. Repeat x 5.
2 minutes of marching step ups - try to increase your speed.

Week 5
Goal: to increase your walking times and add uphill walks. This will involve a bit of planning to find a route with at least one hill.Alternatively, use a treadmill with a hill workout on those days with hill walks.Monday
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 5. Make sure you walk uphill for one of these sets.
2.5 minutes of step ups.Wednesday
Carry your hand weights.
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 5.
2.5 minutes of step ups.Thursday
Carry your hand weights.
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 5. Make sure you walk uphill for one of these sets.
2.5 minutes of step ups.Saturday or Sunday
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 2 minutes. Repeat x 6.
2.5 minutes of fast step ups.

Week 6
Goal: to walk for at least 30 minutes comfortably with sprint walks, weights and uphill walks.Monday
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 3 minutes. Repeat x 5.
3 minutes of step ups.Wednesday
Carry your hand weights.
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 3 minutes. Repeat x 5.
3 minutes of fast step ups. Thursday
Carry your hand weights.
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 3 minutes. Repeat x 5. Make sure you walk uphill for one of these sets.
3 minutes of step ups with weights.Saturday or Sunday
Walk for 3 minutes. Sprint walk for 3 minutes. Repeat x 5. Make sure you walk uphill for two of these sets.
Walk for an extra 10 minutes. Push the pace as much as you can, but if you are very breathless, take the last five minutes slowly.
3 minutes of fast step ups with weights.

Thursday, September 11, 2008

Alchemists' poison for depression healing



The full article talks about healing depression without depressant. It is a rather long story. You can read this here. But I wonder about the suffix of the article. Wow, can our 40 years old depression can be pull down to our early years? That's not what the author trying to say, it is the relationship. Good relationship is the alchemist's poison to heal our depression suffering. It can be the tip of next healthy life.

... depression is formed by painful or lacking relationships in early life. It is not your fault, even if you can’t seem to get the various treatments that may have been suggested to you to work. You can’t rid yourself of this pervasive and increasingly common illness alone, or even with the occasional help of a health professional. Ultimately, only by creating lasting, supportive relationships will you finally heal your brain, emotions and body. If you do so, you go far beyond depression, to a happy and purposive life. If your childhood programming says you can’t have these kinds of close connections, or that you’re not worthy of them, it’s lying. You can do this.

This article was published in Wellbeing, September, 2002, entitled "Coming Together: Techniques That Heal Depression."

Cut the sodium

It is estimated that the average American consumes between 3,000 and 4,000 milligrams of sodium each day, mostly from processed or prepared foods – and not from the salt shaker. Yet, the FDA guidelines set 2,300 mgs as the “safe” upper limit.
And it appears that the FDA just might go an extra step and require food manufacturers to cut their sodium content. The World Health Organization earlier this year called for sodium reduction in all processed foods. And to further add substance to the prediction, a few weeks ago the Grocery Manufacturers Association and Center for Science in the Public Interest actually sat on the same side of the table to discuss just how this could be accomplished.
And quickly.
All indications are that we are quickly approaching the time for a sodium change: one in three adults have high blood pressure, hypertension is a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. The issue is so charged these days, that the American Medical Association predicts that if the sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods was reduced over the next ten years by 50 percent, 150,000 lives per year would be saved.
In 2010 the first of the baby boomers turn 65, and there is little doubt looking at this generation’s current medical condition, that these disease states will most likely increase even further.
Low sodium foods are now widely available in just about every category in the supermarket, but while it might be hip to purchase low fat or fat free foods, “no salt” still seems to carry a health stigma which U.S. shoppers need to get past. The proof is in the pudding: since Finland instituted its mandatory “high salt” label 30 years ago, the advent of strokes decreased significantly, along with a drop of 40 percent in overall sodium consumption.
After all, do we really need 2,460 mgs of sodium in a box of Jell-O Instant Chocolate Pudding that makes 3 one cup servings?
What’s your “take” on sodium?

Wednesday, September 10, 2008

Achtung! Stress


Stress and Your Health
Stress is well known as a source of many harmful attack to our body. It is not a direct illness, but the effects can be so direct to our healt. These effects can also affect your health – either with direct physiological damage to your body, or with harmful behavioral effects.

The behavioral effects of stress
The behavioral effects of an over-stressed lifestyle are easy to explain. When under pressure, some people are more likely to drink heavily or smoke, as a way of getting immediate chemical relief from stress. Or, many other ways.
The direct physiological effects of excessive stress are more complex. In some areas they are well understood, while in other areas, they are still subject to debate and further research.

Stress and heart disease
The link between stress and heart disease is well-established. If stress is intense, and stress hormones are not ‘used up’ by physical activity, our raised heart rate and high blood pressure put tension on arteries and cause damage to them. As the body heals this damage, artery walls scar and thicken, which can reduce the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

Other effects of stress

Stress has been also been found to damage the immune system, which explains why we catch more colds when we are stressed. It may intensify symptoms in diseases that have an autoimmune component, such as rheumatoid arthritis. It also seems to affect headaches and irritable bowel syndrome, and there are now suggestions of links between stress and cancer.
Stress is also associated with mental health problems and, in particular, anxiety and depression. Here the relationship is fairly clear: the negative thinking that is associated with stress also contributes to these.
The direct effects of stress in other areas of health are still under debate. In some areas (for example in the formation of stomach ulcers) diseases traditionally associated with stress are now attributed to other causes.

Regular exercise can reduce your physiological reaction to stress. It also strengthens your heart and increases the blood supply to it, directly affecting your vulnerability to heart disease.

Take stress seriously! It is another tip of healthy life.

Tuesday, September 9, 2008

Walk to Work



"Just an extra 45 minute walk a day can help people control Type 2 diabetes, according to a new study at Newcastle University," said Dr. Trennell from


When I was in college, I walk about two hour a day from my dormitary-campus-getback to save money. My friends said that I was crazy and killing my self. I hope he add this article into his reading. It is healthy, buddy.


Unfortunately, I think it is because I was poor. So when I get some money to ride public vehicles, I do. And then, buying motorcycle and car. And then, train. :)


I will put this into my agenda. When people have "Bike to Work" club, I will fund "Walk to Work". And the worker in Zimbabwe will happily share with me.


Ok now it'd better to read the paper by yourselves.


Sunday, September 7, 2008

Now Let's Talk About Weight


If you're currently at a healthy weight, you're already one step ahead of the game. To stay at a healthy weight, it's worth doing a little planning now.
Or maybe you are overweight but aren't ready to lose weight yet. If this is the case, preventing further weight gain is a worthy goal.
As people age, their body composition gradually shifts — the proportion of muscle decreases and the proportion of fat increases. This shift slows their metabolism, making it easier to gain weight. In addition, some people become less physically active as they get older, increasing the risk of weight gain.
The good news is that weight gain can be prevented by choosing a lifestyle that includes good eating habits and daily physical activity. By avoiding weight gain, you avoid higher risks of many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, and some forms of cancer.


The tips are:
Choosing an Eating Plan to Prevent Weight Gain



Get Moving



Self-monitoring



Ask yourself—Has my activity level changed? Am I eating more than usual?

Saturday, September 6, 2008

Don't be afraid of Diabetes

Before I go to my explanation, why we don't have to worry of diabetes, we have to know first, what is diabetes. I make a resume here. To easily remember it, diabetes type 1 is for defficiency of insulin, diabetes type 2 is due to resistance to insulin, due to fat on your stomach, though it is one theory.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus
is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing, leading to a deficiency of insulin.
There is no known preventive measure which can be taken against type 1 diabetes; it is about 10% of diabetes mellitus cases in North America and Europe (though this varies by geographical location), and is a higher percentage in some other areas. Most affected people are otherwise healthy and of a healthy weight when onset occurs. Sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin are usually normal, especially in the early stages. Type 1 diabetes can affect children or adults but was traditionally termed "juvenile diabetes" because it represents a majority of the diabetes cases in children.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus
It is characterized differently due to insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity, combined with reduced insulin secretion.
In the early stage the predominant abnormality is reduced insulin sensitivity, characterized by elevated levels of insulin in the blood. At this stage hyperglycemia can be reversed by a variety of measures and medications that improve insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production by the liver. As the disease progresses the impairment of insulin secretion worsens, and therapeutic replacement of insulin often becomes necessary.
There are numerous theories as to the exact cause and mechanism in type 2 diabetes. Central obesity (fat concentrated around the waist in relation to abdominal organs, but not subcutaneous fat) is known to predispose individuals for insulin resistance.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
It resembles type 2 diabetes in several respects, involving a combination of relatively inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness. It occurs in about 2%–5% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. About 20%–50% of affected women develop type 2 diabetes later in life.

Other types
There are several rare causes of diabetes mellitus that do not fit into type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes; attempts to classify them remain controversial. Some cases of diabetes are caused by the body's tissue receptors not responding to insulin (even when insulin levels are normal, which is what separates it from type 2 diabetes); this form is very uncommon. Genetic mutations (autosomal or mitochondrial) can lead to defects in beta cell function. Abnormal insulin action may also have been genetically determined in some cases. Any disease that causes extensive damage to the pancreas may lead to diabetes
Diseases associated with excessive secretion of insulin-antagonistic hormones can cause diabetes (which is typically resolved once the hormone excess is removed). Many drugs impair insulin secretion and some toxins damage pancreatic beta cells.

Thursday, September 4, 2008

Morning Stretching to start our happy days


Sometime we forget simple though eeasy things. We are trapped in difficult and complicated ways.
Stretching in the morning is easy, simple, make our blood flows to our muscle before doing any exercises and muscular works the whole day.It is a good practice, and if you do it regularly you will get the impact instantly.
Like what I do these days ... wow.

First stretching
1)Sit on the edge of your bed with your feet on the floor.
2)Bend over, reaching your hands toward your feet.
3)Arch your back.
4)Hold for a count of 10.
5)Repeat 5 more times.

No2.
1)Remain seated on the edge of your bed with your feet on the floor.
2)Rotate your neck in a circle, touching your ears to your shoulders.
3)Rotate slowly in a clockwise direction 5 times.
4)Rotate slowly in a counter clockwise direction 5 times.

No3
1)Remain seated on the edge of your bed with your feet on the floor.
2)Shrug your shoulders up to your ears.
3)Repeat 10 more times.

No.4
1)Stand next to your bed.
2)Lace your fingers together.
3)Raise your hands above your head, palms upward.
4)Lift up stretching your rib cage.
5)Hold for a count of 10.
6)Repeat 5 more times.

No.5
1)Remain stading next to your bed.
2)Bend over and touch your fingers to your toes while keeping your knees straight.
3)Hold for a count of 10.
4)Repeat 5 more times.

You are now warmed up and ready to start your day!These exercises can be performed daily to help keep you limber.

You can reach the photo and the origin from http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/flexibilityexercises/ss/MorningStretch.htm

Wednesday, September 3, 2008

Climate Warming to our daily happy life


This is our one and only place where we can not hide...
Now we can not say that consuming energy (even for our own health) doesn't affect our life directly. It only happen in future, and island populations.
NO! It have bigger impact than you think. Be wise yo ..

(AP) Climate warming is allowing disease-causing bacteria, viruses and fungi to move into new areas where they may harm species as diverse as lions and snails, butterflies and humans, a study suggests. Pathogens that have been restricted by seasonal temperatures can invade new areas and find new victims as the climate warms and winters grow milder, researchers say in a study in the journal Science. "Climate change is disrupting natural ecosystems in a way that is making life better for infectious diseases," said Andrew Dobson, a Princeton University researchers and another co-author of the study in Science. "The accumulation of evidence has us extremely worried. We share diseases with some of these species. The risk for humans is going up." Climate changes already are thought to have contributed to an epidemic of avian malaria that wiped out thousands of birds in Hawaii, the spread of an insect-borne pathogen that causes distemper in African lions, and the bleaching of coral reefs attacked by diseases that thrive in warming seas. Humans are also at direct and dramatic risk from such insect-born diseases as malaria, dengue and yellow fever, the researchers said. "In all the discussions about climate change, this has really been kind of left out," said Drew Harvell, a Cornell University marine ecologist and lead author of the study. "Just a one- or two-degree change in temperature can lead to disease outbreaks." Richard S. Ostfeld, a co-author of the study, said, "We're alarmed because in reviewing the research on a variety of different organisms we are seeing strikingly similar patterns of increases in disease spread or incidence with climate warming." Ostfeld is an environmental researcher at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies. In the study, the authors analyzed how warming temperatures already are letting insects and microbes invade areas where they once were barred by severe seasonal chills. They said mosquitoes are moving up mountainsides, spreading disease among animals formerly protected by temperature. They also found some pathogens reproduce more often in warmer temperatures, so there are more germs around to cause infection. Among the possible effects they found: Epidemics of Rift Valley fever, a deadly mosquito-borne disease, rage through northeastern Africa during years of unusual warmth. If the climate becomes permanently warmer and wetter, as some predict, Rift Valley fever epidemics will become frequent. Malaria and yellow fever may become more common as milder winters permit the seasonal survival of more mosquitoes, which carry these diseases. A warmer climate also could enable them to move into areas where the cold once kept them out. In Hawaii, a warming climate has chased the chill from some mountains, letting mosquitos thrive at higher and higher elevations. The bugs have carried with them a type of avian malaria, and the disease has attacked native birds that had no immunity to the disease. "Today there are almost no native birds (in Hawaii) below 4,500 feet," (1,350 meters)(Dobson said in an interview. Coral reefs in many parts of the world are becoming bleached and dying, killed by pathogens that thrive in the warming seas. "Previously many of the waters were slightly below the optimal temperatures for these pathogens," said Ostfeld. "Now the temperatures are right on target. There is a strong link between the warming climate and diseases of corals." Germs that attack oysters also are thriving in the warming waters. Ostfeld said oyster beds as far north as Maine are now being affected by pathogens once barred by a colder sea. An outbreak of distemper killed many lions in Tanzania last year, and the scientists linked that to a climate change that enables flies that carry distemper to invade parts of East Africa. A parasite that kills Monarch butterflies can survive only at warm temperatures, which protected the colorful insect in its northernmost habitats. A warming climate has allowed the parasite to spread. Ostfeld said where the Monarch is rare "it may disappear, and where it is common, it may become less abundant."

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

Chickenpox can be dangerous for you than for your children

I got chickenpox. It was not very nice feeling. I don't know, it's just like influenza with itchy spots. What made me surprised was that the fact that the attack to adult body was more severe than to my 2 years daughter. Actually it is. Moreover, the complication happened can threat life too. Fortunately, I am still alive and can write to you. :)
I quote from Wikipedia, but from eMedicine, see ... the complication, if 1:50 is small, it is rarely serious. It depends on your self defend ...
eMedicine
Even today, varicella is not totally benign. One study suggested that nearly 1:50 varicella cases are associated with complications. Among the most serious complications are varicella pneumonia and encephalitis; both are associated with a high mortality rate. In addition, significant concerns have been raised about the association of varicella with severe invasive group A streptococcal disease.

Wikipedia
Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). It generally begins with conjunctival and catarrhal symptoms and then characteristic spots appearing in two or three waves, mainly on the body and head rather than the hands and becoming itchy raw pockmarks, small open sores which heal mostly without scarring.
Chickenpox has a 10-21 day incubation period and is spread easily through aerosolized droplets from the nasopharynx of ill individuals or through direct contact with secretions from the rash. Following primary infection there is usually lifelong protective immunity from further episodes of chickenpox.
Chickenpox is rarely fatal, although it is generally more severe in adults than in children. Pregnant women and those with a suppressed immune system are at highest risk of serious complications. The most common late complication of chicken pox is shingles, caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus decades after the initial episode of chickenpox.
 
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